Coffee plants are living organisms and are an integral part of the complex nature. As such, coffee plants have unique features, traits and characters as a species.
Every species has a unique relationship with other species. However, to understand and distinguish between these species, a systematic and organized system is needed.
Taxonomy, as a branch of biological science, plays an important role in fulfilling this. Through taxonomy, each species can be classified (grouped) and given a unique taxonomic name, helping us to understand the relationships between organisms and making identification of specific species easier.
Taxonomy is the study of the systematics of living organisms, from the species level to the phylum level. The term taxonomy comes from the Greek words,“taxis” which means arrangement or arrangement, and“nomos” which means rules or laws.
The most commonly used coffee taxonomic system today is the Linnean taxonomic system. It was developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. This system uses taxonomic levels such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Then how do scientists identify coffee plants based on taxonomy? See the following classification of coffee plants or coffee taxonomy:
Kingdom (kingdom)
Kingdom is the highest level in the taxonomic system, encompassing living organisms that share very similar characteristics and relationships. There are several kingdoms in the taxonomy system, such as the kingdom of animalia (animals), plantae (plants), fungi (molds), protists (protozoa), and monera (bacteria).
Coffee plants are of course included in the kingdom plantae system, or the kingdom of plants.
Phylum (phylum)
Phylum is a more specific level than kingdom, encompassing organisms that share very similar characteristics and relationships in terms of body form and function.
Coffee plants are grouped into the Magnoliophyta group, or flowering plants.
Class (class)
Class is a more specific level than phylum, encompassing organisms that share very similar characteristics and relationships in terms of organ shape and structure.
Coffee plants are classified into the Magnoliopsida group, or a class of two-seeded or dicotyledonous plants.
Order (nation)
Order is a more specific level than class, encompassing organisms that share very similar characteristics and relationships in terms of form and behavior.
Coffee plants are classified into the Rubiales group, or a group of dicotyledonous plants that have compound flowers.
Family (family)
Family is a more specific level than order, encompassing organisms that share very similar traits and relationships in terms of form and reproductive features.
Coffee plants are classified into the Rubiaceae group, or a class of shrubs or woody plants that are branched.
Genus (type)
Genus is a more specific level than family, encompassing organisms that share very similar traits and relationships in terms of physiological form and characteristics.
Coffee plants are grouped into the Coffea group, or the coffee-copian plant group.
Species (species)
Species is the most specific level in a taxonomic system, encompassing organisms that share very similar characteristics and relationships in terms of form, behavior and genetics.
Species are the basic unit in taxonomy, and each species has a unique taxonomic name (binomial) consisting of genus and species.
The coffee plant has several species, including Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Coffea excelsa, Coffea mogeneti, Coffea bonnieri and many others.
The most widely cultivated coffee species is Coffea arabica (arabica), followed by Coffea canephora (robusta). Because these two plant species have flavors that many people are interested in.
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