The rise of coffee shops in Indonesia today shows that coffee drinks are increasingly favored by various groups of people. The implementation of SNI for coffee beans with qualified production quality is a very important thing to do in this case.
Head of BSN, Bambang Prasetya, said on one occasion that the implementation of coffee bean quality standards according to SNI is very important in the coffee industry. According to him, this is to convince consumers of the quality of coffee products produced.
So, what is the SNI of coffee beans?
The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for coffee beans in short can be defined as a set of nationally established standards related to the quality of coffee bean production. The current coffee bean SNI was prepared by the Technical Committee 65-03 Agriculture by taking into account several existing aspects such as ICO Resolution 407 related to the prohibition of low quality coffee trade.
The coffee bean SNI was also developed with a foundation related to the current conditions of the global market and of course the intention to improve the quality of coffee beans produced in Indonesia as the 4th largest coffee producer in the world.
What are the requirements for coffee bean quality standards according to SNI?
Broadly speaking, the quality requirements of coffee beans according to SNI 01-2907-2008 can be divided into 2 parts, namely general requirements and special requirements.
General quality requirements of coffee beans
There are 4 general quality requirements for coffee beans according to SNI. The four criteria are the absence of live insects; the absence of foul-smelling seeds; a maximum moisture content of 12.5 percent mass fraction; and a maximum impurity content of 0.5 percent mass fraction.
General quality requirements based on seed size
Classification of coffee bean quality requirements based on bean size is divided based on the processing method, namely wet and dry for Robusta coffee.
Wet process : Wet method Robusta coffee bean size classification
- Large coffee beans are coffee beans that do not pass the 7.5 mm sieve.
- Medium coffee beans are beans that pass the 7.5 mm sieve but not the 6.5 mm sieve.
- Small coffee beans are beans that pass the 6.5 mm sieve but not the 5.5 mm sieve.
Dry process : Dry method Robusta coffee bean size classification
- Large coffee beans are coffee beans that do not pass the 6.5 mm sieve.
- Small coffee beans are beans that pass the 6.5 mm sieve but not the 3.5 mm sieve.
Arabica coffee bean size classification
- Large coffee beans are coffee beans that do not pass the 6.5 mm sieve.
- Medium coffee beans are beans that pass the 6.5 mm sieve but not the 6.0 mm sieve.
- Small coffee beans are beans that pass the 6.0 mm sieve but not the 5.0 mm sieve.
Whereas Arabica coffee is not classified by the way it is processed.
Special quality requirements based on defect value system
The quality requirements for Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee are also divided into 6 quality levels:
- Quality 1 = maximum number of defect values 11
- Quality 2 = number of defect values 12-25
- Quality 3 = sum of defect values 26 to 44
- Quality 4a = number of defect values 45 to 60
- Quality 4b = sum of defect values 61 to 80
- Quality 5 = number of defect values 81 to 150
- Quality 6 = sum of defect values 151 to 225
In the 6 quality grades above, keep in mind that Arabica coffee is not divided into grades 4a and 4b.
Read also: Get to Know More About Specialty Coffee, High Quality Coffee with the Best Quality Standards
Determination of defect value
Furthermore, the defect value of each 300g sample is determined by counting the number of defective seeds according to the following criteria:
- 1 (one) black seed = 1 defect value
- 1 partially black seed = ½ defect value
- 1 broken black seed = ½ defect value
- 1 coffee log = 1 defective value
- 1 chocolate bean = ¼ defect value
- 1 large coffee skin = 1 defect value
- 1 medium-sized coffee skin = ½ defect value
- 1 small coffee skin = 1/5 defect value
- 1 horn-shelled seed = ½ defect value
- 1 large size horn skin = ½ defect value
- 1 medium size horn skin = 1/5 defect value
- 1 small size horn skin = 1/10 defect value
- 1 broken seed = 1/5 defect value
- 1 young seed = 1/5 defect value
- 1 seed with one hole = 1/10 defect value
- 1 seed with more than one hole = 1/5 defect value
- 1 spotted seed = 1/10 defect value
- 1 twig, soil or large stone = 5 defect points
- 1 twig, medium-sized soil or stone = 2 defect values
- 1 twig, soil or small stone = 1 defect value
These are the quality requirements of coffee beans according to SNI 01-2907-2008, which are divided into general quality requirements (based on coffee beans and coffee bean size) and specific quality requirements (based on the defect value system).
What are the immediate conditions in the field regarding the implementation of SNI for coffee beans?
In the process of implementation, SNI of coffee beans often has limitations, one of which is in the scope of coffee farmers. This limitation is likely due to various factors such as the lack of knowledge, equipment, or human resources owned by Indonesian coffee farmers.
In addition to the limited knowledge of coffee farmers, the sorting process carried out by processors is sometimes also not in accordance with established standards. There are quite a few cases where coffee beans become broken because the pulper/huller used is not in accordance with the standards that should be.
Inadequate storage methods and locations of coffee bean products also sometimes result in an increase in the moisture content and impurity content of coffee beans beyond what is determined by SNI.
This is certainly a big homework for all coffee industry players in Indonesia. The alignment of coffee quality standards as stated in the SNI of coffee beans is important here to ensure the quality of the coffee produced.
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